减水剂对水泥浆体流变参数影响的数学分析

水泥浆体流变参数是衡量减水剂(SPs)对水泥颗粒分散能力的一种方法.依流变曲线中回滞圈面积的大小可判断减水剂破坏水泥浆体絮凝结构能力的大小.本文采用旋转粘度计测定不同转速下水泥浆体的流变参数,得出回滞圈,采用最小二乘法和线性回归方法计算回滞圈面积.结果表明:氨基磺酸盐减水剂(AS)的面积最大,为73836 Pa·s-1,其次是萘系减水剂(PNS),为10555 Pa·s-1,再次是脂肪类减水剂(FAS),为7635 Pa·s-1,酯类聚羧酸减水剂(PCB)和醚类聚羧酸减水剂(PC)的面积分别为256 Pa·s-1和158 Pa·s-1.计算结果与实际减水率大小一致,为分析各减水剂减水率大小提供理论依据.     

聚羧酸高效减水剂的低温合成技术及性能研究

低温条件下,以异戊烯醇聚氧乙烯醚(TPEG)、甲基丙烯磺酸钠(SAMS)、丙烯酸(AA)、复合引发剂E为原料,利用自由基共聚反应合成聚羧酸高效减水剂.探讨了AA与SAMS、TPEG的摩尔比、加料方式、引发剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对合成减水剂性能的影响.实验结果表明,利用最佳生产工艺参数所制减水剂,当掺量为水泥用量的0.18％时,减水率可达29％,初始净浆流动度达280 mm,1h经时流动度为270 mm,具有良好的分散性和保坍性.     

高效减水剂与矿渣-钢渣复合掺合料的适应性研究

为了加快高性能矿渣-钢渣基复合掺合料的开发和应用,本工作研究了萘系减水剂和聚羧酸两类减水剂与钢渣和硅酸盐水泥三种矿粉之间的适应性。研究表明：对于矿渣、钢渣和硅酸盐水泥三种矿粉的单组分净浆,各种减水剂的饱和掺量在0．3％～1．1％之间。萘系高效减水剂掺量过大,胶砂和混凝土离析泌水严重,硬化体的强度显著下降。聚羧酸盐减水剂的突出优势是使净浆、砂浆和混凝土的流动度和稳定性俱佳,但混凝土强度低于掺萘系高效减水剂的混凝土。     

自密实混凝土的抗冻融性能研究

自密实混凝土是一种具有高流动性,且具有持久稳定性的混凝土。由于这类混凝土只是近年来才被广泛认可,所以关于硬化后的自密实混凝土耐久性研究非常有限,尤其是在寒冷气候条件下,为此,我们对自密实混凝土抗冻融循环的性能进行了实验室和现场试验,证明了可以生产出具有抗冻融的自密实混凝土。同时我们发现,自密实混凝土的耐久性取决于很多因素,其中包括高效减水剂和引气剂的类型等。从本文我们可以发现,高效减水剂和引气剂之间配比不同,自密实混凝土的气孔质量也不同,在自密实混凝土中,相比传统的自然松香型引气剂,使用合成型的引气剂能形成更好的气孔结构。当混凝土气泡比表面积小于24mm^2/mm^3,间隔系数大于0.20mm时,也能生产出抗冻融循环的自密实混凝土。     

新拌混凝土的匀质性对其性能的影响

良好的匀质性是制备高性能混凝土的基础,本文通过调整外加剂的种类和掺量,设计了一系列匀质性不同的混凝土,通过对混凝土的流变性、力学性能、氯离子渗透性、界面结构等进行了测试分析,研究了匀质性对普通混凝土和高强混凝土的影响.结果表明,改善混凝土复合体系的匀质性可以提高混凝土的整体性能.     

掺和料和聚羧酸减水剂对C30高性能混凝土0～24h收缩规律的影响

研究了掺和料和聚羧酸减水剂对C30高性能混凝土0~24h收缩规律的影响.结果表明:未掺减水剂时,掺和料对C30高性能混凝土的收缩有一定的影响.纯水泥混凝土、单掺粉煤灰混凝土、单掺矿渣混凝土、复掺粉煤灰和矿渣混凝土的收缩规律一致;24h内,4种混凝土的最大收缩值为1 000×10~(-6)~1 500×10~(-6);矿渣的掺入对混凝土的收缩影响最小,复掺粉煤灰和矿渣混凝土的收缩率最大.掺入聚羧酸减水剂后4种混凝土的最大收缩率为1 000×10~(-6)~2 500×10~(-6),且随掺和料掺配方式的不同而变化;掺入聚羧酸减水剂后,纯水泥混凝土和单掺矿渣混凝土24h内的收缩率分别为原来的2.4,2.0倍,且两者的收缩过程延长;单掺粉煤灰混凝土24h内的收缩率基本不变,复掺粉煤灰和矿渣混凝土的收缩率降低,且其到达最大收缩率的时间延长.     

缓释型聚羧酸减水剂的分子结构设计及制备

基于2-甲基丙-2-烯基聚乙二醇醚-丙烯酸(HPEG-AA)体系研究了接枝密度、主链聚合度及侧链长度对聚羧酸减水剂(PCE)净浆流动度的影响,建立了PCE理想分子结构的数学模型,研究了酯基密度对PCE性能的影响.采用相对分子质量为4 000的HPEG设计并制备出2种缓释型减水剂PC-R1和PC-R2.对缓释型PCE的分子结构进行了表征,采用凝胶色谱仪(GPC)测定了其重均相对分子质量和数均相对分子质量,用红外光谱表征了其官能团.研究了掺缓释型PCE的新拌混凝土性能和硬化混凝土性能,验证了所建数学模型和设计方法的正确性.     

保坍型聚羧酸减水剂的研究

以聚醚，丙烯酸为主要原料，在水体系中通过氧化还原引发，合成聚羧酸减水剂。试验表明，该减水剂具有较高的减水率和优异的保坍性。     

Influence of shrinkage-reducing admixture on drying shrinkage and mechanical properties of high-performance concrete

High-performance concrete （HPC） has specific performance advantages over conventional concrete in strength and durability. HPC mixtures are usually produced with water/binder mass ratios （mW/mB） in the range of 0.2-0.4, so volume changes of concrete as a result of drying, chemical reactions, and temperature change cannot be avoided. For these reasons, shrinkage and cracking are frequent phenomena. It is necessary to add some types of admixture for reduction of shrinkage and cracking of HPC. This study used a shrinkage-reducing admixture （SRA） for that purpose. Concrete was prepared with two different mW/mB （0.22 and 0.40） and four different mass fractions of SRA to binder （w（SRA） = 0%, 1%, 2%, and 4%）. The mineral admixtures used for concrete mixes were： 25% fly ash （FA） and 25% slag by mass of binder for the mixture with mW/mB = 0.40, and 15% silica fume （SF） and 25% FA for the mixture with mW/mB = 0.22. Tests were conducted on 24 prismatic specimens, and shrinkage strains were measured through 120 days of drying. Compressive strength, splitting strength, and static modulus of elasticity were also determined. The results show that the SRA effectively reduces some mechanical properties of HPC. The reductions in compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and elastic modulus of the concrete were 7%-24%, 9%-19%, and 5%-12%, respectively, after 90 days, compared to concrete mixtures without SRA. SRA can also help reduce drying shrinkage of concrete. The shrinkage strains of HPC with SRA were only as high as 41% of the average free shrinkage of concrete without SRA after 120 days of drying.     

Preparation and characterization of new Ca–Al–polycarboxylate layered double hydroxides

The synthesis and characterization of composite materials based on calcium–aluminum layered double hydroxides (Ca–Al-LDHs), intercalated with organic polycarboxylate (PC) polymers, is described. The PC polymers, which exhibit a “comb-like” architecture, contain ethylene oxide side chains of different lengths. They are intercalated between the cationic Ca–Al–OH-layers when tricalcium aluminate is rehydrated in the presence of PC polymers. The intercalation compounds are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and TEM. The basal spacings of the PC-LDH composite materials, determined by XRD, are dependent on the number of the ethylene oxide units (EOUs) in the side chain. Accordingly, first TEM micrographs reveal approximately similar layer distances. Elemental analysis as well as IR-spectroscopy proves the existence of the intercalated organic material.